Protolocos
HTTP, SMTP, FTP, SSH, Telnet, SIP, RDP, IRC, SNMP, NNTP, POP3, IMAP, BitTorrent, DNS, Ping ...4.TransporteTCP, UDP, RTP, SCTP, DCCP ...3.RedeIP (IPv4, IPv6) , ARP, RARP, ICMP, IPSec ...2.EnlaceEthernet, 802.11 WiFi, IEEE 802.1Q, 802.11g, HDLC, Token ring, FDDI, PPP,Switch ,Frame relay,1.FísicaModem, RDIS, RS-232, EIA-422, RS-449, Bluetooth, USB